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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforDeterminationoftheBioaccumulationofSediment-AssociatedContaminantsbyBenthicInvertebrates
【原文标准名称】:海底无脊椎动物所致沉积物有关污染物的生物累积测定的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1688-2000a(2007)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2000
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.03
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:土壤;相关污染物;使用海底无脊椎动物;海底大型无脊椎动物采集;生态条件;反复实验;每天暴露试验;污染;海洋环境;淡水;状态;八天暴露试验;海底无脊椎动物;生物累积;稳定时间;港湾环境;十;二十;杂色带丝蚓属;健康;有害电势;沉积物;导则
【英文主题词】:bioavailability;freshwaterinvertebrates;marineinvertebrates;sediment-associatedcontaminants;sedimentbioaccumulation
【摘要】:Sedimentexposureevaluationsareacriticalcomponentforbothecologicalandhumanhealthriskassessments.Credible,cost-effectivemethodsarerequiredtodeterminetherateandextentofbioaccumulationgiventhepotentialimportanceofbioaccumulationbybenthicorganisms.Standardizedtestmethodstoassessthebioavailabilityofsediment-associatedcontaminantsarerequiredtoassistinthedevelopmentofsedimentqualitycriteria(1,2)5andtoassessthepotentialimpactsofdisposalofdredgematerials(3).Theextenttowhichsediment-associatedcontaminantsarebiologicallyavailableandbioaccumulatedisimportantinordertoassesstheirdirecteffectsonsediment-dwellingorganismsandassesstheirtransporttohighertrophiclevels.Controlledstudiesarerequiredtodeterminethepotentialforbioaccumulationthatcanbeinterpretedandmodeledforpredictingtheimpactofaccumulatedchemicals.Thedatacollectedbythesemethodsshouldbecorrelatedwiththecurrentunderstandingoftoxicityorhumanhealthriskstocompletethehazardinterpretationforcontaminatedsediments.1.1Thisguidecoversproceduresformeasuringthebioaccumulationofsediment-associatedcontaminantsbyinfaunalinvertebrates.Marine,estuarine,andfreshwatersedimentsareamajorsinkforchemicalsthatsorbpreferentiallytoparticles,suchasorganiccompoundswithhighoctanol-water-partitioningcoefficients(Kow)(forexample,polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs)anddichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT))andmanyheavymetals.Theaccumulationofchemicalsintowholeorbeddedsediments(thatis,consolidatedratherthansuspendedsediments)reducestheirdirectbioavailabilitytopelagicorganismsbutincreasestheexposureofbenthicorganisms.Feedingofpelagicorganismsonbenthicpreycanreintroducesediment-associatedcontaminantsintopelagicfoodwebs.Thebioaccumulationofsediment-associatedcontaminantsbysediment-dwellingorganismscanthereforeresultinecologicalimpactsonbenthicandpelagiccommunitiesandhumanhealthfromtheconsumptionofcontaminatedshellfishorpelagicfish.1.2Methodsofmeasuringbioaccumulationbyinfaunalorganismsfrommarine,estuarine,andfreshwatersedimentswillbediscussed.Theproceduresaredesignedtogeneratequantitativeestimatesofsteady-statetissueresiduesbecausedatafrombioaccumulationtestsareoften
【中国标准分类号】:Z17
【国际标准分类号】:13_080_30
【页数】:55P.;A4
【正文语种】: